Lecture Notes by Christopher Lay

Los Angeles Pierce College

Department of History, Philosophy, and Sociology

Mathew Van Cleave's 2016 Introduction to Logic and Critical Thinking

Review for Midterm

Chapter 1

Arguments

Statements

Numbering & The Standard Argument Form w/ "from"

Indicator Words and the Substitution Test

Complex Arguments' Main Conclusions & Intermediate Conclusions

Arguments with Independent Support

What is a Paraphrase? & Evaluating Paraphrases

Validity and the Truth

Invalid & Counter-Example w/ an Informal Test of Validity

Deductive vs. Inductive

Missing Premises & Charity (Principle of)

Prescriptive Conclusions

Assuring

Guarding

Discounting

Chapter 4

Informal Fallacies

Composition Fallacy

Division Fallacy

Begging the Question

False Dichotomy

Equivocation

Slippery Slope Fallacies

Conceptual Slippery Slope

Causal Slippery Slope

Fallacies of Relevance

Ad Hominem

Straw Man

Tu Quoque (You Yourself)

Genetic Fallacy

Appeal to Consequences

Appeal to Authority